sturdy

词源不详，可能最终来自 PIE*sta,站立，词源同 stand,store.引申词义结实的，坚固的。

sturdy

sturdy: [13] Someone who is sturdy is etymologically ‘as drunk as a thrush’ – the ancient Roman equivalent to ‘pissed as a newt’. The word comes from Old French estourdi ‘stunned, dazed, violent’, the past participle of estourdir. This went back to a Vulgar Latin *exturdīre ‘be dazed like a drunken thrush’, a compound verb formed from the intensive prefix ex- and Latin turdus ‘thrush’ (the use of the thrush as a symbol of drunkenness perhaps arose from observations of the birds staggering around after feasting on stolen fermenting wine grapes).

The metaphorical Old French sense ‘violent, reckless’ passed over into English, and by the 14th century had evolved into ‘strong, vigorous, robust’.

sturdy (adj.)

c. 1300, "hard to manage, reckless, violent," from Old French estordi (11c., Modern French étourdi) "violent," originally "dazed," past participle of estordiir "to daze, stun, stupefy," from Vulgar Latin *exturdire, which some presume to be from Latin intensive prefix ex- + turdus "thrush." Barnhart suggests the notion is of thrushes eating grape remnants at wineries and behaving as if drunk (Italian tordo "thrush" also means "simpleton," and French has the expression soûl comme une grive "drunk as a thrush"). OED, however, regards all this as "open to grave objection." Century Dictionary compares Latin torpidus "dull."

Sense of "solidly built, strong and hardy" first recorded late 14c. Related: Sturdily; sturdiness. Sturdy-boots "obstinate person" is from 1762; a sturdy beggar in old language was one capable of work (c. 1400).

1. Grease two sturdy baking sheets and heat the oven to 400 degrees.

在两块结实的烤板上抹些油，把烤炉加热到400度。

来自柯林斯例句

2. She was a short, sturdy woman in her early sixties.

她是个60岁出头、身材矮小结实的女人。

来自柯林斯例句

3. There was a sturdy plumpness about her hips.

她的臀部浑圆结实。

来自柯林斯例句

4. a sturdy pair of boots

一双结实的靴子

来自《权威词典》

5. We need several sturdy men to push this car.

我们需要几个壮汉推这辆车.

来自《简明英汉词典》